पूंजीकरण संरचना

पूंजीकरण संरचना क्या है?

पूंजीकरण संरचना कंपनी के पूंजी विन्यास में ऋण और इक्विटी के अनुपात को संदर्भित करता है। कैपिटल यह है कि एक कंपनी खुद को कैसे फंड करती है। इक्विटी कंपनी में स्वामित्व का एक टुकड़ा है। यह आमतौर पर कंपनी द्वारा स्टॉक जारी करने से होता है। ऋण एक निवेशक द्वारा कंपनी को जारी किया गया ऋण है। ये ऋण आमतौर पर बांड जारी करने के रूप में होते हैं। पूंजी संरचना से पता चलता है कि स्वामित्व वाले शेयरों को जारी करने या ऋण लेने के माध्यम से कंपनी की धनराशि कितनी दी गई है।

इक्विटी शेयरों और बांडों का कंपनी के वित्त, कर भुगतान और भविष्य के राजस्व के लिए दायित्वों पर एक अलग प्रभाव पड़ता है। किसी कंपनी की पूंजीकरण संरचना की लाभप्रदता और वित्तीय ताकत के उपायों पर महत्वपूर्ण असर पड़ता है, जैसे शुद्ध लाभ मार्जिन, इक्विटी पर वापसी, ऋण-इक्विटी अनुपात, ब्याज कवरेज और इतने पर।

पूंजीकरण संरचना को पूंजी संरचना या कैप संरचना के रूप में भी जाना जाता है ।

Types of Capitalization Structures
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.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.center-label.text-label {
margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.center-label.custom-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.center-label.custom-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.center-label.custom-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.center-label.custom-label {
font-weight: 400;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-direction: normal;
-ms-flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: column;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
justify-content: center;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
font-size: 14px;
text-align: center;
padding: 10px;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label-title.header,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label-title.header,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label-title.header,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label-title.header {
font-weight: 700;
margin-bottom: 4px;
max-width: 100%;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label.text-label {
font-weight: 400;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label.inner {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-direction: normal;
-ms-flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: column;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
justify-content: center;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
margin-bottom: 2px;
-webkit-transition: 0.2s opacity ease-in-out;
transition: 0.2s opacity ease-in-out;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop-swatch {
width: 15px;
height: 15px;
margin-right: 5px;
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-ms-flex: 0 0 auto;
flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop-label {
font-size: 13px;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.right {
max-width: 40%;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.left {
padding: 5px 10px 0 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.right {
padding: 5px 0 0 10px;
right: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.top {
padding: 0 0 15px 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.bottom {
padding: 20px 0 0 0;
top: auto;
bottom: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stops {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stop {
margin-right: 1em;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops {
display: block;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop {
margin-right: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
font-size: 13px;
margin: 20px 0 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container.label {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
margin: 0 10px 5px 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container.num {
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
background: #eee;
-webkit-box-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1 0 auto;
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.stop {
opacity: 0.6;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.group-label {
opacity: 1;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group {
opacity: 0.2;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element {
opacity: 1;
font-weight: 700;
}
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.static-image,
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.chart-action-data,
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.dw-data-link {
display: none!important;
}
.chart.png-export a {
color: unset!important;
}
.x-tick-values span,
.y-tick-values span,
.direct-value-label:not(.inverted) span,
.legend-text span,
.x-tick-values tspan,
.y-tick-values tspan,
.y-tick-values {
color: #191919!important;
fill: #191919!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.bc-grid {
z-index: 0!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.y-axis {
background-color: #191919!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.x-gridline {
background-color: #cecece!important;
}
.legend-text.label {
vertical-align: middle!important;
}
.chart a {
color: #2c40d0;
}
a.source {
text-decoration: none;
}

Types of Capitalization Structures

Firms can either issue either more debt or equity to fund its operations. By issuing equity, firms give up some ownership in the company without the need to pay back investors; by issuing debt, companies increase their leverage by needing to pay back investors. A company’s debt-to-equity ratio is a measure of risk for investors.

AssetsDebtEquity

Source:
Corporate Finance Institute
Chart:
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